From HPO
Astrocytoma- MedGen UID:
- 438
- •Concept ID:
- C0004114
- •
- Neoplastic Process
Astrocytoma is a neoplasm of the central nervous system derived from astrocytes. Astrocytes are a type of glial cell, and thus astrocytoma is a subtype of glioma.
Glaucoma- MedGen UID:
- 42224
- •Concept ID:
- C0017601
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Glaucoma refers loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy usually associated with increased intraocular pressure.
Hydrocephalus- MedGen UID:
- 9335
- •Concept ID:
- C0020255
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation.
Hypertelorism- MedGen UID:
- 9373
- •Concept ID:
- C0020534
- •
- Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).
Hypertensive disorder- MedGen UID:
- 6969
- •Concept ID:
- C0020538
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of chronic increased pressure in the systemic arterial system.
Meningioma- MedGen UID:
- 7532
- •Concept ID:
- C0025286
- •
- Neoplastic Process
The presence of a meningioma, i.e., a benign tumor originating from the dura mater or arachnoid mater.
Intellectual disability, mild- MedGen UID:
- 10044
- •Concept ID:
- C0026106
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.
Neurofibroma- MedGen UID:
- 45058
- •Concept ID:
- C0027830
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor that generally appears as a soft, skin-colored papule or small subcutaneous nodule. Individuals with neurofibromatosis can have numerous neurofibromas.
Pheochromocytoma- MedGen UID:
- 18419
- •Concept ID:
- C0031511
- •
- Neoplastic Process
Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma (PGL/PCC) syndromes are characterized by paragangliomas (tumors that arise from neuroendocrine tissues distributed along the paravertebral axis from the base of the skull to the pelvis) and pheochromocytomas (paragangliomas that are confined to the adrenal medulla). Sympathetic paragangliomas cause catecholamine excess; parasympathetic paragangliomas are most often nonsecretory. Extra-adrenal parasympathetic paragangliomas are located predominantly in the skull base and neck (referred to as head and neck PGL [HNPGL]) and sometimes in the upper mediastinum; approximately 95% of such tumors are nonsecretory. In contrast, sympathetic extra-adrenal paragangliomas are generally confined to the lower mediastinum, abdomen, and pelvis, and are typically secretory. Pheochromocytomas, which arise from the adrenal medulla, typically lead to catecholamine excess. Symptoms of PGL/PCC result from either mass effects or catecholamine hypersecretion (e.g., sustained or paroxysmal elevations in blood pressure, headache, episodic profuse sweating, forceful palpitations, pallor, and apprehension or anxiety). The risk for developing metastatic disease is greater for extra-adrenal sympathetic paragangliomas than for pheochromocytomas.
Renal artery stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 19727
- •Concept ID:
- C0035067
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of stenosis of the renal artery.
Rhabdomyosarcoma- MedGen UID:
- 20561
- •Concept ID:
- C0035412
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A malignant soft tissue tumor which develops from cells of striated muscle. It is the most common form of tumor found in children and adolescents.
Scoliosis- MedGen UID:
- 11348
- •Concept ID:
- C0036439
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Seizure- MedGen UID:
- 20693
- •Concept ID:
- C0036572
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Spina bifida- MedGen UID:
- 38283
- •Concept ID:
- C0080178
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube, whereby some vertebral arches remain unfused and open. The mildest form is spina bifida occulta, followed by meningocele and meningomyelocele.
Plexiform neurofibroma- MedGen UID:
- 64640
- •Concept ID:
- C0206728
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A neurofibroma in which Schwann cells proliferate inside the nerve sheath, producing an irregularly thickened, distorted, tortuous structure.
Neurofibrosarcoma- MedGen UID:
- 104927
- •Concept ID:
- C0206729
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A form of malignant cancer of the connective tissue surrounding nerves. Given its origin and behavior, it is classified as a sarcoma.
Parathyroid gland adenoma- MedGen UID:
- 75502
- •Concept ID:
- C0262587
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A benign tumor of the parathyroid gland that can cause hyperparathyroidism.
Aqueductal stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 75614
- •Concept ID:
- C0266476
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct (also known as the mesencephalic duct, aqueductus mesencephali, or aqueduct of Sylvius), which connects the third cerebral ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle, which is between the pons and cerebellum.
Optic nerve glioma- MedGen UID:
- 138056
- •Concept ID:
- C0346326
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A glioma originating in the optic nerve or optic chiasm.
Short stature- MedGen UID:
- 87607
- •Concept ID:
- C0349588
- •
- Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Genu valgum- MedGen UID:
- 154364
- •Concept ID:
- C0576093
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart.
Hypsarrhythmia- MedGen UID:
- 195766
- •Concept ID:
- C0684276
- •
- Finding
Hypsarrhythmia is abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes. There is continuous (during wakefulness), high-amplitude (>200 Hz), generalized polymorphic slowing with no organized background and multifocal spikes demonstrated by electroencephalography (EEG).
Inguinal freckling- MedGen UID:
- 320315
- •Concept ID:
- C1834297
- •
- Finding
The presence in the inguinal region (groin) of an increased number of freckles, small circular spots on the skin that are darker than the surrounding skin because of deposits of melanin.
Overgrowth- MedGen UID:
- 376550
- •Concept ID:
- C1849265
- •
- Finding
Excessive postnatal growth which may comprise increased weight, increased length, and/or increased head circumference.
Lisch nodules- MedGen UID:
- 395461
- •Concept ID:
- C1860334
- •
- Finding
The presence of pigmented, oval and dome-shaped raised hamartomatous nevi of the iris..
Axillary freckling- MedGen UID:
- 348082
- •Concept ID:
- C1860335
- •
- Finding
The presence in the axillary region (armpit) of an increased number of freckles, small circular spots on the skin that are darker than the surrounding skin because of deposits of melanin.
Cafe au lait spots, multiple- MedGen UID:
- 396266
- •Concept ID:
- C1861975
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of six or more cafe-au-lait spots.
Hypopigmented macule- MedGen UID:
- 760487
- •Concept ID:
- C2047793
- •
- Finding
A white or lighter patch of skin that may appear anywhere on the body and are caused by decreased skin pigmentation.
Pectus excavatum- MedGen UID:
- 781174
- •Concept ID:
- C2051831
- •
- Finding
A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance.
Macrocephaly- MedGen UID:
- 745757
- •Concept ID:
- C2243051
- •
- Finding
Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.
Tibial pseudarthrosis- MedGen UID:
- 869786
- •Concept ID:
- C4024216
- •
- Pathologic Function
Pseudarthrosis, or "false joint" of the tibia is the result of a developmental failure in the tibia progressing to spontaneous fracture and subsequent fibrous nonunion. The fracture is rarely present at birth but commonly develops during the first 18 months of life.
Spinal neurofibroma- MedGen UID:
- 869787
- •Concept ID:
- C4024217
- •
- Neoplastic Process
A neurofibroma (benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor) localized in the spine.
Specific learning disability- MedGen UID:
- 871302
- •Concept ID:
- C4025790
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Impairment of certain skills such as reading or writing, coordination, self-control, or attention that interfere with the ability to learn. The impairment is not related to a global deficiency of intelligence.